Equality, as in amount, status, or value. No ifs, and or buts. We have pay parity. At one California community college, equity for the purposes of distributing the state money, was defined as 58 percent of what a full-time faculty member earned.
Now, answer me one question: Do you want pay parity, or do you want someone to negotiate pay equity on your behalf? Women, put another way, are receiving about 3 percent of the investments that men are. We know, then, that not only are there few women in tech, but that the few women who are in the field are attracting a disproportionately low number of investments. Taken together, statistics like these can give researchers a picture of what the conditions are like in a given location or institution, and point to potential areas for advocates and policymakers to intervene.
With the combination of sex ratios and gender parity ratios on women in tech, we can reasonably hypothesize that finding more funding for women entrepreneurs in tech just might attract more women to an industry that badly needs greater gender diversity. Measures of gender parity help researchers to understand relative equality between men and women.
For example, in unions had a gender parity problem: while unions represented 34 percent of men workers but only 21 percent of women workers. By that gender gap had not only closed but also reversed: Unions represented 19 percent of women workers but 17 percent of men workers, half of the portion of men they represented 30 years ago. For Badinter, it was the first crack in France's universalist commitment -- an attempt to insinuate exceptionalism, or as Badinter calls it, 'differentialism into French life.
We have already accepted same-sex marriage in the United States, when it happens in different states. It is still not the same as equality with heterosexual marriage, because the federal government still does not grant equal status to same-sex marriage couples.
Same-sex partners cannot share social security benefits when one partner dies, nor can members of a same-sex couple visit a loved one in a hospital or a nursing home. In the United States, we are a long way from granting either "parity" or "equality" to same-sex couples. Trying to achieve "equality" in human relationships is difficult.
Historically, we have seen that there never was equality between those who own land and those who don't. This is an inherent and basic premise of social human infrastructures.
The basis of the peasant revolutions in Russia lay in the attitude of the peasants toward the land. The peasants believed that they owned the land on which they planted seed and grew crops, and when they were deprived of what they had produced by their own labor, they revolted.
There was similar dissatisfaction among the sharecroppers in the southern United States, where similar rebellions were put down with a heavy hand by the plantation owners. Within the human family, the child is never equal to the adult, nor is the adult equal to the child. Gender parity is a useful tool for assessing gender inequality in specific areas, in setting goals, and in assessing change and progress under specific indicators of gender equality.
However, gender parity is not the same as gender equality and it is important to keep this difference in mind unless we mistake means for ends. One of the sub-indices in the WEF report concerns economic participation in countries worldwide. This includes paid employment, whether formal or informal.
Inevitably, the sub-index excludes unpaid work of women, which commonly supports economic activities in rural settings. However, unpaid work constitutes an important economic contribution, though it is not explicitly valued in monetary terms. It also has an implication on the extent to which women can participate in the economic activities they are interested in.
If they are primarily responsible for unpaid work, they will hardly have as much time and energy to engage in economic activities as their male counterparts do.
0コメント