Landscape and Urban Planning: submitted. Boerner, R. Leaf litter redistribution among forest patches within an Allegheny Plateau watershed. Landscape Ecol. Google Scholar. Dobbins, R. Durant, P. The History of Union County, Ohio. Beers Publishers, Chicago, IL.
Foster, D. Land-use and vegetation dynamics in central New England: an historical perspective. Land-use history and forest transformations in Central New England. In Humans as Components of Ecosystems, pp. Edited by McDonnell, M. Springer-Verlag, NY. Hoover, S. Spatial components of biotic diversity in landscapes of Georgia, USA. Howe, H. Historical Collections of Ohio. Morgan, Cincinnati, OH. Iverson, L. King, C. Much of Ohio was drained by an ancient river, known as the Teays, that had headwaters in North Carolina and flowed northward across Virginia and West Virgina, entering Ohio near Portsmouth.
The Ohio River did not exist at this time. Some geologists speculate that the Teays flowed northward from Chillicothe and joined the Erigans River. When the earliest ice sheets penetrated Ohio they dramatically changed drainage patterns in the state. A large, ice-dammed lake, Lake Tight, formed in the valleys of southern Ohio, and adjacent Kentucky and West Virginia. Eventually, the lake spilled over low divides and cut new channels. This was the beginning of the creation of the Ohio River. The deep valleys of the Teays River and its tributaries were filled with sediment as they were overridden by the glacier.
In some places in western Ohio the buried valley of the Teays River is more than feet deep but no hint of it is visible on the flat surface of the landscape. The advance of the Illinoian glacier , years ago continued the modification of the Ohio landscape, eroding bedrock and older sediments and depositing sediment as it melted. This glacier advanced the farthest south of any of the glaciations in Ohio. Deeply weathered Illinoian deposits are present in southwestern Ohio and in a narrow band through east-central Ohio.
The most recent and best preserved glacial deposits are from the Wisconsinan glaciation. This glacier entered Ohio about 24, years ago and was gone from the state by 14, years ago.
These lobate deposits blanket western, central and northern Ohio and form most of the dominant features of the landscape. Most of this area is covered with a heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, and rocks, known as till. Most of this was deposited beneath the ice as it slid along or was left as the ice melted and is known as ground moraine.
Timothy and Genevieve P. Washington, D. Department of the Interior, available through the U. Government Printing Office. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Morrow, Baker H. A Dictionary of Landscape Architecture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, Newton, Norman T. Tishler, William, ed. American Landscape Architecture: Designers and Places.
National Register of Bulletin Background The idea of implementing the Ohio Historic Landscapes Survey began in , when the Ohio Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects contacted the State Historic Preservation Office about developing a statewide inventory of important designed historic landscapes.
Goal The goal of the Ohio Historic Landscape Survey is to identify and record Ohio's significant designed historic landscapes, work toward developing a greater appreciation of these landscapes in the context of Ohio's cultural heritage, and determine which ones are important and worthy of preservation.
Criteria A historic landscape must have been consciously designed and laid out by a master gardener, landscape architect, or other individual s or group s working according to the established conventions and styles of gardening and landscape architecture.
Types of Historic Designed Landscapes residential grounds and gardens botanical gardens and arboretums church yards and cemeteries public spaces courthouse squares, city squares and town greens institutional grounds college campuses, state hospitals streetscapes plantings and furnishings subdivisions and planned communities commercial and industrial parks and properties parks recreational grounds resorts, golf courses, bowling greens, race tracks parkways, scenic drives, and trails memorials Recording a Historic Landscape The recording of a historic landscape should include a description and history of the property including dates of design; names of owners, landscape architects, designers, gardeners, and administrators; identification of construction technologies, methods, and plant materials; landscape style; existing and previous uses with the dates of use identified; and the acreage of the original tract and any subsequent additions or reductions.
Ohio's terrain is also marked by streams and rivers; while some of the state's streams flow northward to Lake Erie, many also flow southward towards the Ohio River. The Ohio River runs for more than miles and eventually flows into the Mississippi River.
Like so much of Ohio's landscape, the Ohio River was formed during the last ice age, when the now vanished Teays River's waters flooded into the valley due to its main drainage plain being blocked by ice. Ohio's landscape has more than 10 natural arches and bridges, with a few that were formed when the state was under a shallow sea. The longest natural bridge is in Rockridge State Nature Preserve; it extends for more than feet and is 10 to 20 feet wide.
Other stone arches can be found throughout eastern and south central Ohio.
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