Tetanus occurs more often in warmer climates or during the warmer months. Tetanus is very uncommon in the U. What causes tetanus? What are the symptoms of tetanus? These are the most common symptoms of tetanus: Stiff jaw also called lockjaw Stiff abdominal and back muscles Contraction of the facial muscles Fast pulse Fever Sweating Painful muscle spasms, especially near the wound area if these affect the throat or chest wall, breathing may be stopped Trouble swallowing The symptoms of tetanus may look like other medical conditions.
How is tetanus diagnosed? Diagnosis is based on a complete history and physical exam. How is tetanus treated? Your healthcare provider will determine your specific treatment for tetanus based on: How old you are Your overall health and medical history How sick you are How well you can handle specific medicines, procedures, or therapies How long the condition is expected to last Your opinion or preference Treatment for tetanus or to reduce the risk of tetanus after an injury may include: Medicines to control spasms Thorough cleaning of the wound A course of tetanus antitoxin injections Use of a ventilator breathing machine if you have trouble breathing on your own Antibiotics Other medicines to control pain and other symptoms such as fast heartbeat What are the complications of tetanus?
Complications of tetanus can include: Vocal cord spasms Broken bones due to severe muscle spasms Breathing problems Pneumonia High blood pressure or abnormal heart rhythms Pulmonary embolism blood clot in the lung Can tetanus be prevented?
When should I call my healthcare provider? Key points about tetanus Tetanus is an acute, sometimes fatal, disease of the central nervous system, caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium tetani. The bacterium clostridium tetani usually enters the body through an open wound.
It can also be found in the human intestine and other places. Symptoms of tetanus may include stiffness of the jaw, abdominal, and back muscles, fast pulse, fever, sweating, painful muscle spasms and difficulty swallowing. The tetanus vaccine can reduce the risk of the disease after an injury.
Tetanus requires immediate medical attention and treatment with medications and tetanus antitoxin injections. We emphasize that abnormal blood pressure and pulse rate, and an elevation of the ST segments on ECG may be noticed not only in acute coronary syndrome but also in TTC. Therefore, careful monitoring is quite important in the treatment of tetanus.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Intern Med v. Intern Med. Published online Mar Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Correspondence to Dr. Taisuke Araki, moc. Received Dec 10; Accepted Jan This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract A year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to difficulty in moving her limbs. Keywords: tetanus, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, tetanus severity score.
Introduction Tetanus is a nervous system disorder often accompanied by autonomic dysfunction in severe cases. Case Report A year-old woman was brought to our hospital by ambulance due to difficulty in moving her limbs. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Facial appearance on admission: she could not open her mouth. Trismus was considered.
Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Discussion Tetanus is a nervous system disorder, caused by infection with the gram-positive bacillus C. Table 1. Table 2. References 1. Tetanus a review of the literature. Br J Anaesth 87 : , National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Collingridge GL, Davies J.
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Int J Cardiol : ee14, Mediterranean jellyfish sting-induced Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy. Tetanus affects skeletal muscle, a type of striated muscle used in voluntary movement. The other type of striated muscle, cardiac or heart muscle, is not affected by the toxin because of its intrinsic electrical properties.
The incubation period of tetanus can be long, and may be as long several months, but is usually about eight days. In general, the further the injury site is from the central nervous system, the longer the incubation period. The shorter the incubation period, the more severe the symptoms. Tetanus is often associated with rust, especially rusty nails, but this concept is somewhat misleading.
Objects that accumulate rust are often found outdoors, or in places that harbor anaerobic bacteria, but the rust itself does not cause tetanus nor does it contain C. The rough surface of rusty metal merely provides a prime habitat for a C. An endospore is a non-metabolizing survival structure that begins to metabolize and cause infection once in an adequate environment.
Because C. Hence, stepping on a nail, rusty or not, may result in a tetanus infection, as the low-oxygen anaerobic environment is provided by the same object that causes a puncture wound, delivering endospores to a suitable environment for growth. There are currently no blood tests that can be used to diagnose tetanus. The diagnosis is based on the presentation of tetanus symptoms. Unlike many infectious diseases, recovery from naturally acquired tetanus does not usually result in immunity to tetanus.
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