Rarely, the drugs can cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome OHSS. This happens when the ovaries over-respond to the gonadotrophins, so that too many eggs develop in the ovaries. Severe abdominal swelling and shortness of breath can result.
If OHSS occurs, the doctor may suggest restarting the whole cycle with a lower dose of gonadotropin. The leading cause of pregnancy loss, whether in IVF or in natural conception, is an abnormal number of chromosomes, known as chromosomal aneuploidy. Detecting aneuploidy in the egg or sperm before carrying out IVF, or in an embryo before implantation, may help increase the chance of a successful pregnancy. In , scientists announced that they had developed a new technology called time-lapse imaging.
The technique may increase the chances of selecting a suitable embryo for successful IVF, though further research needs to be done. When more than one embryo is transferred into the womb, there is a higher chance of having twins, triplets, or more babies.
The doctor may recommend that there should only be a single embryo transfer in women with a heightened chance of having twins. Women who regularly lift heavy objects at work and work non-daytime shift patterns may experience decreased fertility, suggests new research.
A woman's eggs can be frozen for use in future pregnancies through IVF or for donation. This can be done for various reasons, including the need to…. If you want to become an expert on when your next period is due or become more body aware, period tracking apps can help you. Here are the best 10….
Medical or personal reasons may prompt women to consider fertility preservation. Fleming demonstrated that stimulation with GnRH Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists could reduce the premature ovulation induced by endogenous LH surge [ 26 ]. Improvements in the treatment protocols in the early 90ies, induced more mature follicles per stimulation cycle and more oocytes were aspirated. This not only increased the chances of conception for infertile couples, but also precipitated a need for a suitable cryopreservation and storage procedures for the surplus embryos.
This work was fronted by the Australian Alan Trounson and his team, at the Monash Institute in Melbourne and the group reported the first birth after cryopreservation of an embryo in [ 4 ]. Another significant achievement was intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI in the early ies. Inserting a single sperm cell into the ovum, left improved treatment outcomes for couples suffering from male factor infertility and in Belgium in the world's first "ICSI baby" saw the light of day [ 5 ].
In the clinical setting, vaginal ultrasound technology paralleled the aforementioned developments. Already in the mid-eighties, follicle development monitoring, individual dose adjustment of hormone stimulation protocols and oocyte aspiration were done by ultrasound guidance [ 27 ], a procedure developed in Scandinavia by the Swedish gynecologists Matts Wikland and Lars Hamberger [ 28 ].
Prior to this, follicle aspiration was performed under general anesthesia by percutaneous aspiration. Improvements in the scientific part of the treatment, i. The initial introduction of elective single embryo transfer in the Nordic countries and its adoption by other countries has contributed greatly in reducing the incidence of and the risks associated with multiple births [ 29 ]. Following the first pregnancy after donation of an egg [ 30 ], the possibility of treating women with premature ovarian failure became an option.
Three parent babies [ 1 ] and babies born after uterine transplantations in women born without a uterus are also among the most cutting edge treatments [ 8 ]. It has enabled preimplantation genetic testing PGT of embryos before embryo transfer, enabling the transfer of genetically normal embryos.
Studying the development of early human embryos has been made possible by IVF. Superfluous embryos created by IVF and donated by the parents are now being used in the laboratory to study key early processes, such as implantation, involved in the shaping of the embryo and its supporting tissues. These studies are, however, strictly regulated by the "day rule" which does not allow research on human embryos to fourteen days after fertilization [ 31 ]. The use of IVF has increased in recent years, mostly due to delayed childbearing, and there is little reason to believe that this trend will halt.
Underlying this prediction is an assumption that the use of IVF will rise even more in middle and low-income countries in years to come. The efficiency and safety of treatments are therefore of paramount importance. Patients who are focused on their careers or who may have a unique life situation that affects exactly when they want their baby to be born will find that IVF benefits them by giving them more overall control.
Eggs or embryos can be cryopreserved for future use. You can then choose a window of time when you want to be pregnant — or when you want your baby to be born — counting backwards to determine the best time to proceed with IVF. IVF can also help with spacing children in a way that works best for your family. Using multiple eggs increases the chances of developing a viable embryo. During this time, your doctor will perform regular blood tests and ultrasounds to monitor the production of eggs and to let your doctor know when to retrieve them.
Egg retrieval is known as follicular aspiration. Your doctor will use an ultrasound wand to guide a needle through your vagina, into your ovary, and into an egg-containing follicle. The needle will suction eggs and fluid out of each follicle. The male partner will now need to give a semen sample. A technician will mix the sperm with the eggs in a petri dish. The embryos may undergo testing for genetic conditions at this time.
When the embryos are big enough, they can be implanted. This normally occurs three to five days after fertilization. Implantation involves inserting a thin tube called a catheter inserted into your vagina, past your cervix, and into your uterus. Your doctor then releases the embryo into your uterus. Pregnancy occurs when the embryo implants itself in the uterine wall. This can take 6 to 10 days. As with any medical procedure, there are risks associated with IVF.
Complications include:. Deciding whether to undergo in vitro fertilization, and how to try if the first attempt is unsuccessful, is an incredibly complicated decision. The financial, physical, and emotional toll of this process can be difficult.
Speak with your doctor extensively to determine what your best options are and if in vitro fertilization is the right path for you and your family.
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